inclusion criteria: * adults aged 18 - 55 years (groups 4, 5, 6 and 11) * adults aged 56-69 years (groups 1, 7, and 9) * adults aged 70 years and older (groups 2, 8, and 10) * able and willing (in the investigator's opinion) to comply with all study requirements. * willing to allow the investigators to discuss the volunteer's medical history with their general practitioner and access all medical records when relevant to study procedures. * for females of childbearing potential only, willingness to practice continuous effective contraception (see below) during the study and a negative pregnancy test on the day(s) of screening and vaccination. * agreement to refrain from blood donation during the course of the study. * provide written informed consent. additional inclusion criteria to group 12 (hiv sub-study): * hiv positive * receiving antiretroviral therapy * undetectable hiv viral load * cd4\>350 cells/ml

inclusion criteria: * adults aged 18 - 55 years (groups 4, 5, 6 and 11) * adults aged 56-69 years (groups 1, 7, and 9) * adults aged 70 years and older (groups 2, 8, and 10) * able and willing (in the investigator's opinion) to comply with all study requirements. * willing to allow the investigators to discuss the volunteer's medical history with their general practitioner and access all medical records when relevant to study procedures. * for females of childbearing potential only, willingness to practice continuous effective contraception (see below) during the study and a negative pregnancy test on the day(s) of screening and vaccination. * agreement to refrain from blood donation during the course of the study. * provide written informed consent. additional inclusion criteria to group 12 (hiv sub-study): * hiv positive * receiving antiretroviral therapy * undetectable hiv viral load * cd4\>350 cells/ml

inclusion criteria: - adults aged 18 - 55 years (groups 4, 5, 6 and 11) - adults aged 56-69 years (groups 1, 7, and 9) - adults aged 70 years and older (groups 2, 8, and 10) - able and willing (in the investigator's opinion) to comply with all study requirements. - willing to allow the investigators to discuss the volunteer's medical history with their general practitioner and access all medical records when relevant to study procedures. - for females of childbearing potential only, willingness to practice continuous effective contraception (see below) during the study and a negative pregnancy test on the day(s) of screening and vaccination. - agreement to refrain from blood donation during the course of the study. - provide written informed consent. additional inclusion criteria to group 12 (hiv sub-study): - hiv positive - receiving antiretroviral therapy - undetectable hiv viral load - cd4>350 cells/ml

inclusion criteria: - adults aged 18 - 55 years (groups 4, 5, 6 and 11) - adults aged 56-69 years (groups 1, 7, and 9) - adults aged 70 years and older (groups 2, 8, and 10) - able and willing (in the investigator's opinion) to comply with all study requirements. - willing to allow the investigators to discuss the volunteer's medical history with their general practitioner and access all medical records when relevant to study procedures. - for females of childbearing potential only, willingness to practice continuous effective contraception (see below) during the study and a negative pregnancy test on the day(s) of screening and vaccination. - agreement to refrain from blood donation during the course of the study. - provide written informed consent. additional inclusion criteria to group 12 (hiv sub-study): - hiv positive - receiving antiretroviral therapy - undetectable hiv viral load - cd4>350 cells/ml

inclusion criteria: - adults aged 18 - 55 years (groups 4, 5, 6 and 11) - adults aged 56-69 years (groups 1, 7, and 9) - adults aged 70 years and older (groups 2, 8, and 10) - children aged 5-12 years inclusive (group 3) - able and willing (in the investigator's opinion) to comply with all study requirements. - willing to allow the investigators to discuss the volunteer's medical history with their general practitioner and access all medical records when relevant to study procedures. - for females of childbearing potential only, willingness to practice continuous effective contraception (see below) during the study and a negative pregnancy test on the day(s) of screening and vaccination. - agreement to refrain from blood donation during the course of the study. - provide written informed consent. - parent/guardian provides informed consent additional inclusion criteria to group 12 (hiv sub-study): - hiv positive - receiving antiretroviral therapy - undetectable hiv viral load - cd4>350 cells/ml

inclusion criteria: - adults aged 18 - 55 years (groups 4, 5, 6 and 11) - adults aged 56-69 years (groups 1, 7, and 9) - adults aged 70 years and older (groups 2, 8, and 10) - children aged 5-12 years inclusive (group 3) - able and willing (in the investigator's opinion) to comply with all study requirements. - willing to allow the investigators to discuss the volunteer's medical history with their general practitioner and access all medical records when relevant to study procedures. - for females of childbearing potential only, willingness to practice continuous effective contraception (see below) during the study and a negative pregnancy test on the day(s) of screening and vaccination. - agreement to refrain from blood donation during the course of the study. - provide written informed consent. - parent/guardian provides informed consent additional inclusion criteria to group 12 (hiv sub-study): - hiv positive - receiving antiretroviral therapy - undetectable hiv viral load - cd4>350 cells/ml