inclusion criteria: 1. informed consent signed 2. male and female ≥18 years old; 3. patients hospitalized for clinically suspected cap, defined as the occurrence of (within 48h from hospital admission): 1. at least 1 of the following signs/symptoms: dyspnea, cough, purulent sputum, crackles (rales) and/or rhonchi 2. body temperature \> 38°c or \<36°c (before or during admission) or leucocytosis (\> local uln) 3. new/increased pulmonary infiltrate(s) by chest imaging 4. need for non-invasive supplemental oxygen (niaid-os 5-6; appendix 14.4.1); 5. spo2 \<92% at room air, or pao2/fio2 (or spo2/fio2) \<300; 6. females of child-bearing potential and with an active sexual life must not wish to get pregnant within 30 days after the end of the study and must be using at least one of the following reliable methods of contraception: 1. hormonal contraception, systemic, implantable, transdermal, or injectable contraceptives for at least 2 months before the screening visit until 30 days after the last imp dose 2. a non-hormonal intrauterine device \[iud\] or female condom with spermicide or contraceptive sponge with spermicide or diaphragm with spermicide or cervical cap with spermicide for at least 2 months before the screening visit until 30 days after the last imp dose 3. a male sexual partner who agrees to use a male condom with spermicide 4. a sterile sexual partner female participants of non-child-bearing potential or in post-menopausal status for at least 1 year will be admitted. for all female subjects, with child-bearing potential, pregnancy test result must be negative before first drug intake.

inclusion criteria: 1. informed consent signed 2. male and female ≥18 years old; 3. patients hospitalized for clinically suspected cap, defined as the occurrence of (within 48h from hospital admission): 1. at least 1 of the following signs/symptoms: dyspnea, cough, purulent sputum, crackles (rales) and/or rhonchi 2. body temperature \> 38°c or \<36°c (before or during admission) or leucocytosis (\> local uln) 3. new/increased pulmonary infiltrate(s) by chest imaging 4. need for non-invasive supplemental oxygen (niaid-os 5-6; appendix 14.4.1); 5. spo2 \<92% at room air, or pao2/fio2 (or spo2/fio2) \<300; 6. females of child-bearing potential and with an active sexual life must not wish to get pregnant within 30 days after the end of the study and must be using at least one of the following reliable methods of contraception: 1. hormonal contraception, systemic, implantable, transdermal, or injectable contraceptives for at least 2 months before the screening visit until 30 days after the last imp dose 2. a non-hormonal intrauterine device \[iud\] or female condom with spermicide or contraceptive sponge with spermicide or diaphragm with spermicide or cervical cap with spermicide for at least 2 months before the screening visit until 30 days after the last imp dose 3. a male sexual partner who agrees to use a male condom with spermicide 4. a sterile sexual partner female participants of non-child-bearing potential or in post-menopausal status for at least 1 year will be admitted. for all female subjects, with child-bearing potential, pregnancy test result must be negative before first drug intake.

inclusion criteria: informed consent signed male and female ≥18 years old; patients hospitalized for clinically suspected cap, defined as the occurrence of (within 48h from hospital admission): at least 1 of the following signs/symptoms: dyspnea, cough, purulent sputum, crackles (rales) and/or rhonchi body temperature > 38°c or <36°c (before or during admission) or leucocytosis (> local uln) new/increased pulmonary infiltrate(s) by chest imaging need for non-invasive supplemental oxygen (niaid-os 5-6; appendix 14.4.1); spo2 <92% at room air, or pao2/fio2 (or spo2/fio2) <300; females of child-bearing potential and with an active sexual life must not wish to get pregnant within 30 days after the end of the study and must be using at least one of the following reliable methods of contraception: hormonal contraception, systemic, implantable, transdermal, or injectable contraceptives for at least 2 months before the screening visit until 30 days after the last imp dose a non-hormonal intrauterine device [iud] or female condom with spermicide or contraceptive sponge with spermicide or diaphragm with spermicide or cervical cap with spermicide for at least 2 months before the screening visit until 30 days after the last imp dose a male sexual partner who agrees to use a male condom with spermicide a sterile sexual partner female participants of non-child-bearing potential or in post-menopausal status for at least 1 year will be admitted. for all female subjects, with child-bearing potential, pregnancy test result must be negative before first drug intake.

inclusion criteria: informed consent signed male and female ≥18 years old; patients hospitalized for clinically suspected cap, defined as the occurrence of (within 48h from hospital admission): at least 1 of the following signs/symptoms: dyspnea, cough, purulent sputum, crackles (rales) and/or rhonchi body temperature > 38°c or <36°c (before or during admission) or leucocytosis (> local uln) new/increased pulmonary infiltrate(s) by chest imaging need for non-invasive supplemental oxygen (niaid-os 5-6; appendix 14.4.1); spo2 <92% at room air, or pao2/fio2 (or spo2/fio2) <300; females of child-bearing potential and with an active sexual life must not wish to get pregnant within 30 days after the end of the study and must be using at least one of the following reliable methods of contraception: hormonal contraception, systemic, implantable, transdermal, or injectable contraceptives for at least 2 months before the screening visit until 30 days after the last imp dose a non-hormonal intrauterine device [iud] or female condom with spermicide or contraceptive sponge with spermicide or diaphragm with spermicide or cervical cap with spermicide for at least 2 months before the screening visit until 30 days after the last imp dose a male sexual partner who agrees to use a male condom with spermicide a sterile sexual partner female participants of non-child-bearing potential or in post-menopausal status for at least 1 year will be admitted. for all female subjects, with child-bearing potential, pregnancy test result must be negative before first drug intake.

inclusion criteria: informed consent signed male and female ≥18 years old; patients hospitalized for sars-cov-2 infection reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-confirmed in the previous 10 days; need for non-invasive supplemental oxygen (niaid-os 5-6); radiological infiltrates by chest imaging; peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (spo2) <94% at room air, or pao2/fio2 (partial pressure of oxygen / fraction of inspiration oxygen) <300; at least one inflammatory marker above upper limit of normal (uln) (lactate dehydrogenase or ldh; c-reactive protein or crp; ferritin; d-dimer); females of child-bearing potential and with an active sexual life must not wish to get pregnant within 30 days after the end of the study and must be using at least one of the following reliable methods of contraception: hormonal contraception, systemic, implantable, transdermal, or injectable contraceptives for at least 2 months before the screening visit until 30 days after the last investigational medicinal product dose a non-hormonal intrauterine device [iud] or female condom with spermicide or contraceptive sponge with spermicide or diaphragm with spermicide or cervical cap with spermicide for at least 2 months before the screening visit until 30 days after the last imp dose a male sexual partner who agrees to use a male condom with spermicide a sterile sexual partner female participants of non-child-bearing potential or in post-menopausal status for at least 1 year will be admitted. for all female subjects, with child-bearing potential, pregnancy test result must be negative before first drug intake.

inclusion criteria: informed consent signed male and female ≥18 years old; patients hospitalized for sars-cov-2 infection reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-confirmed in the previous 10 days; need for non-invasive supplemental oxygen (niaid-os 5-6); radiological infiltrates by chest imaging; peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (spo2) <94% at room air, or pao2/fio2 (partial pressure of oxygen / fraction of inspiration oxygen) <300; at least one inflammatory marker above upper limit of normal (uln) (lactate dehydrogenase or ldh; c-reactive protein or crp; ferritin; d-dimer); females of child-bearing potential and with an active sexual life must not wish to get pregnant within 30 days after the end of the study and must be using at least one of the following reliable methods of contraception: hormonal contraception, systemic, implantable, transdermal, or injectable contraceptives for at least 2 months before the screening visit until 30 days after the last investigational medicinal product dose a non-hormonal intrauterine device [iud] or female condom with spermicide or contraceptive sponge with spermicide or diaphragm with spermicide or cervical cap with spermicide for at least 2 months before the screening visit until 30 days after the last imp dose a male sexual partner who agrees to use a male condom with spermicide a sterile sexual partner female participants of non-child-bearing potential or in post-menopausal status for at least 1 year will be admitted. for all female subjects, with child-bearing potential, pregnancy test result must be negative before first drug intake.