inclusion criteria: 1. patients who had fever (central temperature ≥38°c) or acute upper respiratory symptoms and laboratory confirmation (rrt-pcr) for covid-19, with available same type of upper respiratory tract specimens from screening evaluation to the initial testing within 4 days of initial testing 2. patients have mild (no pneumonia) to moderate disease (pneumonia without respiratory distress) according to the following world health organization (who) definition of covid-19 clinical syndromes: * mild (mild illness): patients with uncomplicated upper respiratory tract viral infection, may have non-specific symptoms such as fever, fatigue, cough (with or without sputum production), anorexia, malaise, muscle pain, sore throat, dyspnea, nasal congestion, or headache. rarely, patients may also present with diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting. * moderate (pneumonia): adult with pneumonia but no signs of severe pneumonia and no need for supplemental oxygen. 3. willing and able to comply with the study procedure and sign a written informed consent

inclusion criteria: 1. patients who had fever (central temperature ≥38°c) or acute upper respiratory symptoms and laboratory confirmation (rrt-pcr) for covid-19, with available same type of upper respiratory tract specimens from screening evaluation to the initial testing within 4 days of initial testing 2. patients have mild (no pneumonia) to moderate disease (pneumonia without respiratory distress) according to the following world health organization (who) definition of covid-19 clinical syndromes: * mild (mild illness): patients with uncomplicated upper respiratory tract viral infection, may have non-specific symptoms such as fever, fatigue, cough (with or without sputum production), anorexia, malaise, muscle pain, sore throat, dyspnea, nasal congestion, or headache. rarely, patients may also present with diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting. * moderate (pneumonia): adult with pneumonia but no signs of severe pneumonia and no need for supplemental oxygen. 3. willing and able to comply with the study procedure and sign a written informed consent

inclusion criteria: patients who had fever (central temperature ≥38°c) or acute upper respiratory symptoms and laboratory confirmation (rrt-pcr) for covid-19, with available same type of upper respiratory tract specimens from screening evaluation to the initial testing within 4 days of initial testing patients have mild (no pneumonia) to moderate disease (pneumonia without respiratory distress) according to the following world health organization (who) definition of covid-19 clinical syndromes: mild (mild illness): patients with uncomplicated upper respiratory tract viral infection, may have non-specific symptoms such as fever, fatigue, cough (with or without sputum production), anorexia, malaise, muscle pain, sore throat, dyspnea, nasal congestion, or headache. rarely, patients may also present with diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting. moderate (pneumonia): adult with pneumonia but no signs of severe pneumonia and no need for supplemental oxygen. willing and able to comply with the study procedure and sign a written informed consent

inclusion criteria: patients who had fever (central temperature ≥38°c) or acute upper respiratory symptoms and laboratory confirmation (rrt-pcr) for covid-19, with available same type of upper respiratory tract specimens from screening evaluation to the initial testing within 4 days of initial testing patients have mild (no pneumonia) to moderate disease (pneumonia without respiratory distress) according to the following world health organization (who) definition of covid-19 clinical syndromes: mild (mild illness): patients with uncomplicated upper respiratory tract viral infection, may have non-specific symptoms such as fever, fatigue, cough (with or without sputum production), anorexia, malaise, muscle pain, sore throat, dyspnea, nasal congestion, or headache. rarely, patients may also present with diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting. moderate (pneumonia): adult with pneumonia but no signs of severe pneumonia and no need for supplemental oxygen. willing and able to comply with the study procedure and sign a written informed consent

inclusion criteria: 1. patients who had fever (central temperature ≥38°c) or acute upper respiratory symptoms and laboratory confirmation (rrt-pcr) for covid-19, with available same type of upper respiratory tract specimens from screening evaluation to the initial testing within 4 days of initial testing 2. patients have mild (no pneumonia) to moderate disease (pneumonia without respiratory distress) according to the following world health organization (who) definition of covid-19 clinical syndromes: - mild (mild illness): patients with uncomplicated upper respiratory tract viral infection, may have non-specific symptoms such as fever, fatigue, cough (with or without sputum production), anorexia, malaise, muscle pain, sore throat, dyspnea, nasal congestion, or headache. rarely, patients may also present with diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting. - moderate (pneumonia): adult with pneumonia but no signs of severe pneumonia and no need for supplemental oxygen. 3. willing and able to comply with the study procedure and sign a written informed consent

inclusion criteria: 1. patients who had fever (central temperature ≥38°c) or acute upper respiratory symptoms and laboratory confirmation (rrt-pcr) for covid-19, with available same type of upper respiratory tract specimens from screening evaluation to the initial testing within 4 days of initial testing 2. patients have mild (no pneumonia) to moderate disease (pneumonia without respiratory distress) according to the following world health organization (who) definition of covid-19 clinical syndromes: - mild (mild illness): patients with uncomplicated upper respiratory tract viral infection, may have non-specific symptoms such as fever, fatigue, cough (with or without sputum production), anorexia, malaise, muscle pain, sore throat, dyspnea, nasal congestion, or headache. rarely, patients may also present with diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting. - moderate (pneumonia): adult with pneumonia but no signs of severe pneumonia and no need for supplemental oxygen. 3. willing and able to comply with the study procedure and sign a written informed consent