1. patients with the medical history of hypersensitivity to chloroquine, chloroquinine, or hydroxychloroquine 2. patients with retinal disease, hearing loss, severe neurological and mental illness 3. patients with pancreatitis 4. patients with severe lung, liver (alanine aminotransferase (alt)/aspartate aminotransferase (ast) elevation more than 3 times the normal upper limit), kidney (estimated glomerular filtration rate \[egfr\] \<30 ml/min/1.73m2, using the mdrd or ckd-epi methods), brain, haematological diseases or other important systemic diseases 5. medical history of uncontrolled but clinically significant abnormal cardiac conduction abnormalities at electrocardiogram (ecg) at screening, any history or evidence of long qt syndrome or qtcf interval \>450 msec for males and \>470 msec for females (according to fridericia's correction) at screening 6. known hiv infection; active hepatitis b or c without concurrent treatment (positive tests for hepatitis b \[both hbsag and hbeag\], or high titer of hepatitis c ribonucleic acid \[rna\] \>800,000 iu/ml) 7. uncontrolled and unstable concurrent medical condition including psychiatric disorders and alcohol/substance dependence/abuse that will jeopardize the safety of the patient, interfere with the objectives of the study, or affect the patient compliance with study requirements, as determined by the investigator 8. patients with concomitant use of medications that alter the absorption or excretion of hydroxychloroquine 9. patients were considered to be unable to complete the study, or not suitable for the study judged by investigators 10. pregnant or breast-feeding women

1. patients with the medical history of hypersensitivity to chloroquine, chloroquinine, or hydroxychloroquine 2. patients with retinal disease, hearing loss, severe neurological and mental illness 3. patients with pancreatitis 4. patients with severe lung, liver (alanine aminotransferase (alt)/aspartate aminotransferase (ast) elevation more than 3 times the normal upper limit), kidney (estimated glomerular filtration rate \[egfr\] \<30 ml/min/1.73m2, using the mdrd or ckd-epi methods), brain, haematological diseases or other important systemic diseases 5. medical history of uncontrolled but clinically significant abnormal cardiac conduction abnormalities at electrocardiogram (ecg) at screening, any history or evidence of long qt syndrome or qtcf interval \>450 msec for males and \>470 msec for females (according to fridericia's correction) at screening 6. known hiv infection; active hepatitis b or c without concurrent treatment (positive tests for hepatitis b \[both hbsag and hbeag\], or high titer of hepatitis c ribonucleic acid \[rna\] \>800,000 iu/ml) 7. uncontrolled and unstable concurrent medical condition including psychiatric disorders and alcohol/substance dependence/abuse that will jeopardize the safety of the patient, interfere with the objectives of the study, or affect the patient compliance with study requirements, as determined by the investigator 8. patients with concomitant use of medications that alter the absorption or excretion of hydroxychloroquine 9. patients were considered to be unable to complete the study, or not suitable for the study judged by investigators 10. pregnant or breast-feeding women

patients with the medical history of hypersensitivity to chloroquine, chloroquinine, or hydroxychloroquine patients with retinal disease, hearing loss, severe neurological and mental illness patients with pancreatitis patients with severe lung, liver (alanine aminotransferase (alt)/aspartate aminotransferase (ast) elevation more than 3 times the normal upper limit), kidney (estimated glomerular filtration rate [egfr] <30 ml/min/1.73m2, using the mdrd or ckd-epi methods), brain, haematological diseases or other important systemic diseases medical history of uncontrolled but clinically significant abnormal cardiac conduction abnormalities at electrocardiogram (ecg) at screening, any history or evidence of long qt syndrome or qtcf interval >450 msec for males and >470 msec for females (according to fridericia's correction) at screening known hiv infection; active hepatitis b or c without concurrent treatment (positive tests for hepatitis b [both hbsag and hbeag], or high titer of hepatitis c ribonucleic acid [rna] >800,000 iu/ml) uncontrolled and unstable concurrent medical condition including psychiatric disorders and alcohol/substance dependence/abuse that will jeopardize the safety of the patient, interfere with the objectives of the study, or affect the patient compliance with study requirements, as determined by the investigator patients with concomitant use of medications that alter the absorption or excretion of hydroxychloroquine patients were considered to be unable to complete the study, or not suitable for the study judged by investigators pregnant or breast-feeding women

patients with the medical history of hypersensitivity to chloroquine, chloroquinine, or hydroxychloroquine patients with retinal disease, hearing loss, severe neurological and mental illness patients with pancreatitis patients with severe lung, liver (alanine aminotransferase (alt)/aspartate aminotransferase (ast) elevation more than 3 times the normal upper limit), kidney (estimated glomerular filtration rate [egfr] <30 ml/min/1.73m2, using the mdrd or ckd-epi methods), brain, haematological diseases or other important systemic diseases medical history of uncontrolled but clinically significant abnormal cardiac conduction abnormalities at electrocardiogram (ecg) at screening, any history or evidence of long qt syndrome or qtcf interval >450 msec for males and >470 msec for females (according to fridericia's correction) at screening known hiv infection; active hepatitis b or c without concurrent treatment (positive tests for hepatitis b [both hbsag and hbeag], or high titer of hepatitis c ribonucleic acid [rna] >800,000 iu/ml) uncontrolled and unstable concurrent medical condition including psychiatric disorders and alcohol/substance dependence/abuse that will jeopardize the safety of the patient, interfere with the objectives of the study, or affect the patient compliance with study requirements, as determined by the investigator patients with concomitant use of medications that alter the absorption or excretion of hydroxychloroquine patients were considered to be unable to complete the study, or not suitable for the study judged by investigators pregnant or breast-feeding women

1. patients with the medical history of hypersensitivity to chloroquine, chloroquinine, or hydroxychloroquine 2. patients with retinal disease, hearing loss, severe neurological and mental illness 3. patients with pancreatitis 4. patients with severe lung, liver (alanine aminotransferase (alt)/aspartate aminotransferase (ast) elevation more than 3 times the normal upper limit), kidney (estimated glomerular filtration rate [egfr] <30 ml/min/1.73m2, using the mdrd or ckd-epi methods), brain, haematological diseases or other important systemic diseases 5. medical history of uncontrolled but clinically significant abnormal cardiac conduction abnormalities at electrocardiogram (ecg) at screening, any history or evidence of long qt syndrome or qtcf interval >450 msec for males and >470 msec for females (according to fridericia's correction) at screening 6. known hiv infection; active hepatitis b or c without concurrent treatment (positive tests for hepatitis b [both hbsag and hbeag], or high titer of hepatitis c ribonucleic acid [rna] >800,000 iu/ml) 7. uncontrolled and unstable concurrent medical condition including psychiatric disorders and alcohol/substance dependence/abuse that will jeopardize the safety of the patient, interfere with the objectives of the study, or affect the patient compliance with study requirements, as determined by the investigator 8. patients with concomitant use of medications that alter the absorption or excretion of hydroxychloroquine 9. patients were considered to be unable to complete the study, or not suitable for the study judged by investigators 10. pregnant or breast-feeding women

1. patients with the medical history of hypersensitivity to chloroquine, chloroquinine, or hydroxychloroquine 2. patients with retinal disease, hearing loss, severe neurological and mental illness 3. patients with pancreatitis 4. patients with severe lung, liver (alanine aminotransferase (alt)/aspartate aminotransferase (ast) elevation more than 3 times the normal upper limit), kidney (estimated glomerular filtration rate [egfr] <30 ml/min/1.73m2, using the mdrd or ckd-epi methods), brain, haematological diseases or other important systemic diseases 5. medical history of uncontrolled but clinically significant abnormal cardiac conduction abnormalities at electrocardiogram (ecg) at screening, any history or evidence of long qt syndrome or qtcf interval >450 msec for males and >470 msec for females (according to fridericia's correction) at screening 6. known hiv infection; active hepatitis b or c without concurrent treatment (positive tests for hepatitis b [both hbsag and hbeag], or high titer of hepatitis c ribonucleic acid [rna] >800,000 iu/ml) 7. uncontrolled and unstable concurrent medical condition including psychiatric disorders and alcohol/substance dependence/abuse that will jeopardize the safety of the patient, interfere with the objectives of the study, or affect the patient compliance with study requirements, as determined by the investigator 8. patients with concomitant use of medications that alter the absorption or excretion of hydroxychloroquine 9. patients were considered to be unable to complete the study, or not suitable for the study judged by investigators 10. pregnant or breast-feeding women