1. patient under 18 years of age. 2. critical covid-19 (respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation, shock, multi-organ failure). 3. pregnant women confirmed by pregnancy test. 4. women who are within six weeks of postpartum. 5. patient is not hospitalized at tulane medical center with confirmed covid-19. 6. patient included in another covid-19 trial (excluding hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone). 7. women already treated by estrogen and or progestogen therapy two weeks prior to admission. 8. men already treated by testosterone therapy prior to admission. 9. history of breast or endometrial cancer. 10. abnormal genital bleeding. 11. active or recent (e.g., within the past year) stroke or myocardial infarction. 12. history of blood clots including deep vein thrombosis related to clotting disease, or pulmonary emboli (prior to hospitalization). 13. history of liver dysfunction or disease. 14. patients with end-stage renal disease 15. patients taking inhibitors of cyp3a4 such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and ritonavir. 16. patients taking st. john's wort preparations (hypericum perforatum), phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and rifampin. 17. patients within 6 weeks of major orthopedic surgery.

1. patient under 18 years of age. 2. critical covid-19 (respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation, shock, multi-organ failure). 3. pregnant women confirmed by pregnancy test. 4. women who are within six weeks of postpartum. 5. patient is not hospitalized at tulane medical center with confirmed covid-19. 6. patient included in another covid-19 trial (excluding hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone). 7. women already treated by estrogen and or progestogen therapy two weeks prior to admission. 8. men already treated by testosterone therapy prior to admission. 9. history of breast or endometrial cancer. 10. abnormal genital bleeding. 11. active or recent (e.g., within the past year) stroke or myocardial infarction. 12. history of blood clots including deep vein thrombosis related to clotting disease, or pulmonary emboli (prior to hospitalization). 13. history of liver dysfunction or disease. 14. patients with end-stage renal disease 15. patients taking inhibitors of cyp3a4 such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and ritonavir. 16. patients taking st. john's wort preparations (hypericum perforatum), phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and rifampin. 17. patients within 6 weeks of major orthopedic surgery.

patient under 18 years of age. critical covid-19 (respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation, shock, multi-organ failure). pregnant women confirmed by pregnancy test. women who are within six weeks of postpartum. patient is not hospitalized at tulane medical center with confirmed covid-19. patient included in another covid-19 trial (excluding hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone). women already treated by estrogen and or progestogen therapy two weeks prior to admission. men already treated by testosterone therapy prior to admission. history of breast or endometrial cancer. abnormal genital bleeding. active or recent (e.g., within the past year) stroke or myocardial infarction. history of blood clots including deep vein thrombosis related to clotting disease, or pulmonary emboli (prior to hospitalization). history of liver dysfunction or disease. patients with end-stage renal disease patients taking inhibitors of cyp3a4 such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and ritonavir. patients taking st. john's wort preparations (hypericum perforatum), phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and rifampin. patients within 6 weeks of major orthopedic surgery.

patient under 18 years of age. critical covid-19 (respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation, shock, multi-organ failure). pregnant women confirmed by pregnancy test. women who are within six weeks of postpartum. patient is not hospitalized at tulane medical center with confirmed covid-19. patient included in another covid-19 trial (excluding hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone). women already treated by estrogen and or progestogen therapy two weeks prior to admission. men already treated by testosterone therapy prior to admission. history of breast or endometrial cancer. abnormal genital bleeding. active or recent (e.g., within the past year) stroke or myocardial infarction. history of blood clots including deep vein thrombosis related to clotting disease, or pulmonary emboli (prior to hospitalization). history of liver dysfunction or disease. patients with end-stage renal disease patients taking inhibitors of cyp3a4 such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and ritonavir. patients taking st. john's wort preparations (hypericum perforatum), phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and rifampin. patients within 6 weeks of major orthopedic surgery.

1. patient under 18 years of age. 2. critical covid-19 (respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation, shock, multi-organ failure). 3. pregnant women confirmed by pregnancy test. 4. women who are within six weeks of postpartum. 5. patient is not hospitalized at tulane medical center with confirmed covid-19. 6. patient included in another covid-19 trial (excluding hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone). 7. women already treated by estrogen and or progestogen therapy two weeks prior to admission. 8. men already treated by testosterone therapy prior to admission. 9. history of breast or endometrial cancer. 10. abnormal genital bleeding. 11. active or recent (e.g., within the past year) stroke or myocardial infarction. 12. history of blood clots including deep vein thrombosis related to clotting disease, or pulmonary emboli (prior to hospitalization). 13. history of liver dysfunction or disease. 14. patients with end-stage renal disease 15. patients taking inhibitors of cyp3a4 such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and ritonavir. 16. patients taking st. john's wort preparations (hypericum perforatum), phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and rifampin. 17. patients within 6 weeks of major orthopedic surgery.

1. patient under 18 years of age. 2. critical covid-19 (respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation, shock, multi-organ failure). 3. pregnant women confirmed by pregnancy test. 4. women who are within six weeks of postpartum. 5. patient is not hospitalized at tulane medical center with confirmed covid-19. 6. patient included in another covid-19 trial (excluding hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone). 7. women already treated by estrogen and or progestogen therapy two weeks prior to admission. 8. men already treated by testosterone therapy prior to admission. 9. history of breast or endometrial cancer. 10. abnormal genital bleeding. 11. active or recent (e.g., within the past year) stroke or myocardial infarction. 12. history of blood clots including deep vein thrombosis related to clotting disease, or pulmonary emboli (prior to hospitalization). 13. history of liver dysfunction or disease. 14. patients with end-stage renal disease 15. patients taking inhibitors of cyp3a4 such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and ritonavir. 16. patients taking st. john's wort preparations (hypericum perforatum), phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and rifampin. 17. patients within 6 weeks of major orthopedic surgery.

patient under 18 years of age. critical covid-19 (respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation, shock, multi-organ failure). pregnant women confirmed by pregnancy test. women who are within six weeks of postpartum. patient is not hospitalized at tulane medical center with confirmed covid-19. patient included in another covid-19 trial (excluding hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone). women already treated by estrogen and or progestogen therapy two weeks prior to admission. men already treated by testosterone therapy prior to admission. history of breast or endometrial cancer. abnormal genital bleeding. active or recent (e.g., within the past year) stroke or myocardial infarction. history of blood clots including deep vein thrombosis related to clotting disease, or pulmonary emboli (prior to hospitalization). history of liver dysfunction or disease. patients with end-stage renal disease patients taking inhibitors of cyp3a4 such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and ritonavir. patients taking st. john's wort preparations (hypericum perforatum), phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and rifampin. patients within 6 weeks of major orthopedic surgery.

patient under 18 years of age. critical covid-19 (respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation, shock, multi-organ failure). pregnant women confirmed by pregnancy test. women who are within six weeks of postpartum. patient is not hospitalized at tulane medical center with confirmed covid-19. patient included in another covid-19 trial (excluding hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone). women already treated by estrogen and or progestogen therapy two weeks prior to admission. men already treated by testosterone therapy prior to admission. history of breast or endometrial cancer. abnormal genital bleeding. active or recent (e.g., within the past year) stroke or myocardial infarction. history of blood clots including deep vein thrombosis related to clotting disease, or pulmonary emboli (prior to hospitalization). history of liver dysfunction or disease. patients with end-stage renal disease patients taking inhibitors of cyp3a4 such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and ritonavir. patients taking st. john's wort preparations (hypericum perforatum), phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and rifampin. patients within 6 weeks of major orthopedic surgery.

1. patient under 18 years of age. 2. critical covid-19 (respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation, shock, multi-organ failure). 3. pregnant women confirmed by pregnancy test. 4. women who are within six weeks of postpartum. 5. patient is not hospitalized at tulane medical center with confirmed covid-19. 6. patient included in another covid-19 trial (excluding hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone). 7. women already treated by estrogen and or progestogen therapy two weeks prior to admission. 8. men already treated by testosterone therapy prior to admission. 9. history of breast or endometrial cancer. 10. abnormal genital bleeding. 11. active or recent (e.g., within the past year) stroke or myocardial infarction. 12. history of blood clots including deep vein thrombosis related to clotting disease, or pulmonary emboli (prior to hospitalization). 13. history of liver dysfunction or disease. 14. patients with end-stage renal disease 15. patients taking inhibitors of cyp3a4 such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and ritonavir. 16. patients taking st. john's wort preparations (hypericum perforatum), phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and rifampin. 17. patients within 6 weeks of major orthopedic surgery.

1. patient under 18 years of age. 2. critical covid-19 (respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation, shock, multi-organ failure). 3. pregnant women confirmed by pregnancy test. 4. women who are within six weeks of postpartum. 5. patient is not hospitalized at tulane medical center with confirmed covid-19. 6. patient included in another covid-19 trial (excluding hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone). 7. women already treated by estrogen and or progestogen therapy two weeks prior to admission. 8. men already treated by testosterone therapy prior to admission. 9. history of breast or endometrial cancer. 10. abnormal genital bleeding. 11. active or recent (e.g., within the past year) stroke or myocardial infarction. 12. history of blood clots including deep vein thrombosis related to clotting disease, or pulmonary emboli (prior to hospitalization). 13. history of liver dysfunction or disease. 14. patients with end-stage renal disease 15. patients taking inhibitors of cyp3a4 such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and ritonavir. 16. patients taking st. john's wort preparations (hypericum perforatum), phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and rifampin. 17. patients within 6 weeks of major orthopedic surgery.