the presence of any of the following will mean patients are ineligible: 1. life-threatening arrhythmias 2. hemodynamic instability (defined as mean arterial pressure \[map\] \< 65mm hg and use of vasopressors to achieve map \> 65 mm hg) 3. altered mental status, intracranial hypertension 4. facial injuries 5. spine or pelvic fractures 6. recent abdominal surgery 7. pregnancy 8. altered mental status and patients needing invasive ventilation.

the presence of any of the following will mean patients are ineligible: 1. life-threatening arrhythmias 2. hemodynamic instability (defined as mean arterial pressure \[map\] \< 65mm hg and use of vasopressors to achieve map \> 65 mm hg) 3. altered mental status, intracranial hypertension 4. facial injuries 5. spine or pelvic fractures 6. recent abdominal surgery 7. pregnancy 8. altered mental status and patients needing invasive ventilation.

the presence of any of the following will mean patients are ineligible: life-threatening arrhythmias hemodynamic instability (defined as mean arterial pressure [map] < 65mm hg and use of vasopressors to achieve map > 65 mm hg) altered mental status, intracranial hypertension facial injuries spine or pelvic fractures recent abdominal surgery pregnancy altered mental status and patients needing invasive ventilation.

the presence of any of the following will mean patients are ineligible: life-threatening arrhythmias hemodynamic instability (defined as mean arterial pressure [map] < 65mm hg and use of vasopressors to achieve map > 65 mm hg) altered mental status, intracranial hypertension facial injuries spine or pelvic fractures recent abdominal surgery pregnancy altered mental status and patients needing invasive ventilation.

the presence of any of the following will mean patients are ineligible: 1. life-threatening arrhythmias 2. hemodynamic instability (defined as mean arterial pressure [map] < 65mm hg and use of vasopressors to achieve map > 65 mm hg) 3. altered mental status, intracranial hypertension 4. facial injuries 5. spine or pelvic fractures 6. recent abdominal surgery 7. pregnancy 8. altered mental status and patients needing invasive ventilation.

the presence of any of the following will mean patients are ineligible: 1. life-threatening arrhythmias 2. hemodynamic instability (defined as mean arterial pressure [map] < 65mm hg and use of vasopressors to achieve map > 65 mm hg) 3. altered mental status, intracranial hypertension 4. facial injuries 5. spine or pelvic fractures 6. recent abdominal surgery 7. pregnancy 8. altered mental status and patients needing invasive ventilation.