* patients who need non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen (i.e., 6 point on the 8-point ordinal scale); * patients with critical covid-19; * patients with severe covid-19 who received convalescent plasma or covid-19 vaccine, or anti-sars-cov-2 spike (s) protein targeted therapy; * alanine-amino transferase (alt) or aspartate transaminase (ast) is 5 times higher than the upper limit of the normal value; * estimated glomerular filtration rate (egfr) \<30 ml/min or on dialysis {egfr calculated by cockcroft-gault formula (cockcroft dw, 1976), male: crcl (ml/min) = \[(140 - age) × weight (kg)\] × 1/ \[scr (mg/dl) × 72\]; female: crcl (ml/min) = \[(140 - age) × weight (kg)\] × 0.85/ \[scr (mg/dl) × 72\]}.

* patients who need non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen (i.e., 6 point on the 8-point ordinal scale); * patients with critical covid-19; * patients with severe covid-19 who received convalescent plasma or covid-19 vaccine, or anti-sars-cov-2 spike (s) protein targeted therapy; * alanine-amino transferase (alt) or aspartate transaminase (ast) is 5 times higher than the upper limit of the normal value; * estimated glomerular filtration rate (egfr) \<30 ml/min or on dialysis {egfr calculated by cockcroft-gault formula (cockcroft dw, 1976), male: crcl (ml/min) = \[(140 - age) × weight (kg)\] × 1/ \[scr (mg/dl) × 72\]; female: crcl (ml/min) = \[(140 - age) × weight (kg)\] × 0.85/ \[scr (mg/dl) × 72\]}.

- patients who need non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen (i.e., 6 point on the 8-point ordinal scale); - patients with critical covid-19; - patients with severe covid-19 who received convalescent plasma or covid-19 vaccine, or anti-sars-cov-2 spike (s) protein targeted therapy; - alanine-amino transferase (alt) or aspartate transaminase (ast) is 5 times higher than the upper limit of the normal value; - estimated glomerular filtration rate (egfr) <30 ml/min or on dialysis {egfr calculated by cockcroft-gault formula (cockcroft dw, 1976), male: crcl (ml/min) = [(140 - age) × weight (kg)] × 1/ [scr (mg/dl) × 72]; female: crcl (ml/min) = [(140 - age) × weight (kg)] × 0.85/ [scr (mg/dl) × 72]}.

- patients who need non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen (i.e., 6 point on the 8-point ordinal scale); - patients with critical covid-19; - patients with severe covid-19 who received convalescent plasma or covid-19 vaccine, or anti-sars-cov-2 spike (s) protein targeted therapy; - alanine-amino transferase (alt) or aspartate transaminase (ast) is 5 times higher than the upper limit of the normal value; - estimated glomerular filtration rate (egfr) <30 ml/min or on dialysis {egfr calculated by cockcroft-gault formula (cockcroft dw, 1976), male: crcl (ml/min) = [(140 - age) × weight (kg)] × 1/ [scr (mg/dl) × 72]; female: crcl (ml/min) = [(140 - age) × weight (kg)] × 0.85/ [scr (mg/dl) × 72]}.

- patients with critical covid-19; - patients with severe covid-19 who received convalescent plasma or covid-19 vaccine, or anti-sars-cov-2 spike (s) protein targeted therapy; - alanine-amino transferase (alt) or aspartate transaminase (ast) is 5 times higher than the upper limit of the normal value; - estimated glomerular filtration rate (egfr) <30 ml/min or on dialysis.

- patients with critical covid-19; - patients with severe covid-19 who received convalescent plasma or covid-19 vaccine, or anti-sars-cov-2 spike (s) protein targeted therapy; - alanine-amino transferase (alt) or aspartate transaminase (ast) is 5 times higher than the upper limit of the normal value; - estimated glomerular filtration rate (egfr) <30 ml/min or on dialysis.