* clinically significant hepatic, renal, or cardiac impairment (as determined by previous clinical judgement) * hypoglycemia * currently on drugs for covid-19 * hospitalization for covid-19 * (suspected) pregnancy or breastfeeding * active cancer * uncontrolled mental health issues * on any medication with major interactions with metformin or ldn * taking opioid analgesics, or being treated for opioid addiction/recovery * opioid dependence or withdrawal syndrome * known sensitivity to metformin or naltrexone * current users of metformin or naltrexone

* clinically significant hepatic, renal, or cardiac impairment (as determined by previous clinical judgement) * hypoglycemia * currently on drugs for covid-19 * hospitalization for covid-19 * (suspected) pregnancy or breastfeeding * active cancer * uncontrolled mental health issues * on any medication with major interactions with metformin or ldn * taking opioid analgesics, or being treated for opioid addiction/recovery * opioid dependence or withdrawal syndrome * known sensitivity to metformin or naltrexone * current users of metformin or naltrexone

- clinically significant hepatic, renal, or cardiac impairment (as determined by previous clinical judgement) - hypoglycemia - currently on drugs for covid-19 - hospitalization for covid-19 - (suspected) pregnancy or breastfeeding - active cancer - uncontrolled mental health issues - on any medication with major interactions with metformin or ldn - taking opioid analgesics, or being treated for opioid addiction/recovery - opioid dependence or withdrawal syndrome - known sensitivity to metformin or naltrexone - current users of metformin or naltrexone

- clinically significant hepatic, renal, or cardiac impairment (as determined by previous clinical judgement) - hypoglycemia - currently on drugs for covid-19 - hospitalization for covid-19 - (suspected) pregnancy or breastfeeding - active cancer - uncontrolled mental health issues - on any medication with major interactions with metformin or ldn - taking opioid analgesics, or being treated for opioid addiction/recovery - opioid dependence or withdrawal syndrome - known sensitivity to metformin or naltrexone - current users of metformin or naltrexone