Care homes: 1. CQC website rates as ‘inadequate’ or ‘requiring improvements’ 2. =10% private bedroom use of portable HEPA filtration devices 3. Participating in a competing care home level study All residents: 1. Terminal illness (death expected within 7 days) Consented residents – ‘the ten’: 1. Participating in any interventional* study 2. Terminal illness (death expected within 7 days) Interventional study: Interventional studies are those which involve an ‘intervention’. In medical terms this could be a drug treatment, surgical procedure, diagnostic test or psychological therapy. Examples of public health interventions could include action to help someone to be physically active or to eat a more healthy diet. Examples of social care interventions could include safeguarding or support for carers. If a site becomes aware that a participant has enrolled in an interventional study whilst taking part in AFRI-c, they should inform the central research team (UoB). The research team will evaluate whether it is appropriate for the resident to continue participating in AFRI-c.

Care homes: 1. CQC website rates as ‘inadequate’ or ‘requiring improvements’ 2. =10% private bedroom use of portable HEPA filtration devices 3. Participating in a competing care home level study All residents: 1. Terminal illness (death expected within 7 days) Consented residents – ‘the ten’: 1. Participating in any interventional* study 2. Terminal illness (death expected within 7 days) Interventional study: Interventional studies are those which involve an ‘intervention’. In medical terms this could be a drug treatment, surgical procedure, diagnostic test or psychological therapy. Examples of public health interventions could include action to help someone to be physically active or to eat a more healthy diet. Examples of social care interventions could include safeguarding or support for carers. If a site becomes aware that a participant has enrolled in an interventional study whilst taking part in AFRI-c, they should inform the central research team (UoB). The research team will evaluate whether it is appropriate for the resident to continue participating in AFRI-c.