1. Intubation without RSI(in case of cardiac arrest) <br/ >2. Asphyxia requiring immediate intubation <br/ >3. Any nasopharyngeal anatomical obstacle <br/ >4. Grade 4 glottis exposure on the Cormackâ??Lehane scale documented in the medical history <br/ >5. pregnancy <br/ >6. Lack of consent <br/ >7. patients who had already undergone intubation in the ICU (i.e., extubation failure) or who were already participating in an interventional study on pre-oxygenation <br/ >

1. Intubation without RSI(in case of cardiac arrest) <br/ >2. Asphyxia requiring immediate intubation <br/ >3. Any nasopharyngeal anatomical obstacle <br/ >4. Grade 4 glottis exposure on the Cormackâ??Lehane scale documented in the medical history <br/ >5. pregnancy <br/ >6. Lack of consent <br/ >7. patients who had already undergone intubation in the ICU (i.e., extubation failure) or who were already participating in an interventional study on pre-oxygenation <br/ >

N/A

N/A

1. Intubation without RSI(in case of cardiac arrest) <br/ >2. Asphyxia requiring immediate intubation <br/ >3. Any nasopharyngeal anatomical obstacle <br/ >4. Grade 4 glottis exposure on the Cormackâ??Lehane scale documented in the medical history <br/ >5. pregnancy <br/ >6. Lack of consent <br/ >7. patients who had already undergone intubation in the ICU (i.e., extubation failure) or who were already participating in an interventional study on pre-oxygenation <br/ >

1. Intubation without RSI(in case of cardiac arrest) <br/ >2. Asphyxia requiring immediate intubation <br/ >3. Any nasopharyngeal anatomical obstacle <br/ >4. Grade 4 glottis exposure on the Cormackâ??Lehane scale documented in the medical history <br/ >5. pregnancy <br/ >6. Lack of consent <br/ >7. patients who had already undergone intubation in the ICU (i.e., extubation failure) or who were already participating in an interventional study on pre-oxygenation <br/ >