Plasma donor: at the interview and research subject selection stage: history of severe Covid-19 in the last 30 days (septic shock, cardiac arrest or intubation for more than two days), previous history of coagulation diseases than could increase the venous access risk, previous history of hemoglobinopathies that could increase the plasmapheresis risk, situations that prohibit blood donations, according to Brazilian law (Portaria de Consolidação n.5, de 28 de setembro de 2017). At the pre-plasmapheresis stage: positive result in an irregular antibody test made with serum collected during triage, detection of anomalous hemoglobin (e.g. sickle cell trait) in a whole blood sample obtained during triage, negative result on a test for SARS-CoV-2 IgG, ineligibility for blood donation identified during triage, as specified at the relevant Brazilian law (Portaria de Consolidação n.5, de 28 de setembro de 2017). Plasma transfusion receptor: respiratory insufficiency with indication for mechanical ventilation, severe sepsis or septic shock, active co-infection with a dengue virus, confirmed by serological detection of the NS1 antigen or RT-PCR, admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), having received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in the last 30 days, history of allergy or hypersensitivity to a blood product transfusion, heart or renal insufficiencies that makes the excess volume from plasma transfusion not advisable, in women, present pregnancy, plans to get pregnant in the following two months or breastfeeding, be part of another clinical trial.

Plasma donor: at the interview and research subject selection stage: history of severe Covid-19 in the last 30 days (septic shock, cardiac arrest or intubation for more than two days), previous history of coagulation diseases than could increase the venous access risk, previous history of hemoglobinopathies that could increase the plasmapheresis risk, situations that prohibit blood donations, according to Brazilian law (Portaria de Consolidação n.5, de 28 de setembro de 2017). At the pre-plasmapheresis stage: positive result in an irregular antibody test made with serum collected during triage, detection of anomalous hemoglobin (e.g. sickle cell trait) in a whole blood sample obtained during triage, negative result on a test for SARS-CoV-2 IgG, ineligibility for blood donation identified during triage, as specified at the relevant Brazilian law (Portaria de Consolidação n.5, de 28 de setembro de 2017). Plasma transfusion receptor: respiratory insufficiency with indication for mechanical ventilation, severe sepsis or septic shock, active co-infection with a dengue virus, confirmed by serological detection of the NS1 antigen or RT-PCR, admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), having received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in the last 30 days, history of allergy or hypersensitivity to a blood product transfusion, heart or renal insufficiencies that makes the excess volume from plasma transfusion not advisable, in women, present pregnancy, plans to get pregnant in the following two months or breastfeeding, be part of another clinical trial.