• Suspected or proven intracranial hypertension • Tidal volume (6 ml/kg predicted body weight [PBW]) less than 250 ml• Malignant hyperthermia history, or family risk factors• History of long QT syndrome• Severe liver failure• Previous kidney or liver transplantation• Requirement for extracorporeal mechanical respiratory or circulatory support

• Suspected or proven intracranial hypertension • Tidal volume (6 ml/kg predicted body weight [PBW]) less than 250 ml• Malignant hyperthermia history, or family risk factors• History of long QT syndrome• Severe liver failure• Previous kidney or liver transplantation• Requirement for extracorporeal mechanical respiratory or circulatory support