1. 28-day mortality assessed using patient medical records 2. Safety assessed by measuring adverse events and serious adverse events collected as usual for TPE treatment using the Saudi FDA reporting standard during the TPE session and the following 48 h

1. 28-day mortality assessed using patient medical records 2. Safety assessed by measuring adverse events and serious adverse events collected as usual for TPE treatment using the Saudi FDA reporting standard during the TPE session and the following 48 h